Alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride are the primary materials used in the manufacture of ceramic pump plungers. Generally, ceramic plungers are created by dry pressing and isostatic pressing and then sintered into dense sections at elevated temperatures. Due to the high hardness, bending power, and wear resistance of the finished product, as well as its excellent thermal efficiency, plungers made of ceramics are increasingly supplanting conventional metal plungers.

Principal Benefits and Characteristics

1. Due to the superior corrosion resistance of ceramics, these plungers are ideal for use in seawater and certain other extreme corrosion environments.

2. Since ceramics have a lower density than steel, they are also lower weight, which reduces the centrifugal force of the outer ring by 50% during high-speed spinning and significantly extends its service life.

3. Since the expansion coefficient of ceramic-based plungers is very small, while the axis distance is constant, the pump plunger will be able to operate in an atmosphere of more extreme temperature differences.

4. The ceramic based plunger has a hardness comparable to that of tungsten material. It is a highly wear-resistant material that wears very little at high speeds, and its service life exceeds tenfold that of a conventional metal steel plunger. When used in the reciprocating plunger sector, the reciprocating speed can exceed 300 times per minute. The operating life of the plunger is more than five to ten times that of a conventional metal plunger.

5. Since ceramic has a higher elastic modulus than steel, it resists deformation when exposed to stress, making it advantageous to improve the operating speed and obtain higher precision.

Material Properties

ITEM	UNIT	Alumina \| A950	Alumina \| A990	Zirconia \| YSZ95	Silicon Nitride \| GPSN
Main Content	-	95% Al2O3	99% Al2O3	ZrO2>94.5%	Si3N4>90%
Color	-	White / Pink	Ivory	White / Black / Blue	Black / Grey
Density	g/cm³	3.70	3.85	5.95	3.22
Vickers Hardness	Gpa	14	17	12	15
Flexural Strength	Mpa	310	360	800	580
Compressive Strength	Mpa	2,200	2,500	2,500	2,200
Electrical Resistivity	Ω·cm	>10¹⁴	>10¹⁴	>10¹⁰	>10¹²
Dielectric Strength	KV/mm	15	17	9	19
Dielectric Constant	1 MHz	8	9	28	9.6
Thermal Conductivity	W/m.K	25	29	2.2	27
Max. Working Temperature	℃ / °F	1,500 / 2,730	1,650 / 3,000	800 / 1,470	1,200 / 2,190
Resistance to Thermal Shock	△T(℃)	210	230	260	750
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (25 - 1,000 ℃)	10^-6 /K	7 - 9	7 - 9	11 - 13	3 - 4

∆ The above data is offered for reference and comparison only, exact data will vary depending on manufacturing method and part configuration.

In general, the efficiency and cost of plungers made of alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride are superior to those of all-steel shafts, allowing for significant downtime and repair savings, as well as a reduction in scrap levels and inventory of shaft spare parts.

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Ceramic Pump Plungers

Principal Benefits and Characteristics

Material Properties